ABSTRACT
A qualidade da dieta ofertada às vacas em lactação é uma preocupação dos agentes de saúde devido à possibilidade da detecção de micotoxinas prejudiciais a saúde humana e animal. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o perfil da micobiota, determinar a atividade de água (Aa) e a ocorrência natural de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) em dietas ofertadas a vacas em lactação de fazendas leiteiras no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostragens das dietas foram realizadas diretamente dos cochos de lote de 15 vacas, em dois dias consecutivos com intervalos de 24h e a cada 15 dias, perfazendo um período de 45 dias de amostragens por fazenda. A purificação e determinação de AFB1 foram realizadas em colunas de imunoafinidade e Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). O estudo da micobiota presente nas amostras das dietas (288) revelou que as leveduras foram predominantes em todas as dietas (83,97 a 99,98%). Foram isolados 15 gêneros de fungos filamentosos, com os gêneros Aspergillus spp (20,09%), Fusarium spp (14,16%) e Penicillium spp (11,48%) os mais prevalentes. As contagens de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias por grama de alimento (UFC. g-1) variaram de 102 a 1011. A atividade de água das amostras variou entre 0,91 a 0,98. Foi detectada a presença de AFB1 em 31,44% das amostras com teores entre 1,68 a 194,51μg.kg-1. Medidas de boas práticas de produção, estocagem e utilização devem ser tomadas para diminuir a ocorrência de AFB1 nas dietas ofertadas às vacas em lactação...
The quality of the diet offered to lactating cows is a concern to health officials the possibility of detecting mycotoxins harmful to human and animal health. The objectives were to evaluate the profile of mycoflora, determine the water activity (Aw) and the natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in diets offered to lactating cows from dairy farms in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Samples of the diets were taken directly from the troughs batch of 15 cows, on two consecutive days at intervals of 24 hours and every 15 days with a period of 45 sampling days per farm. Purification and determination of AFB1 were performed on immunoaffinity columns and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The study of mycobiota present in samples of diets (288) revealed that yeast cells were predominant in all diets (83.97 to 99.98%). 15 genera were isolated from filamentous fungi, with Aspergillus spp (20.09%), Fusarium spp. (14.16%) and Penicillium spp. (11.48%) the most prevalent. The counts of colony forming units per gram of food (UFC.g-1) ranged from 102 a1011. The water activity of the samples ranged from 0.91 to 0.98. We have detected the presence of AFB1 in 31.44% of samples with levels between 1.68 a 194.51μg.kg-1. Measures of good production, storage and use should be taken to reduce the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in the diet offered to lactating cow...
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Aflatoxin B1/isolation & purification , Cattle/microbiology , Lactation , Mycotoxicosis/veterinary , Animal Feed/toxicity , Chromatography, Liquid/veterinary , Water MicrobiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different types of malocclusion and the impact on quality of life among preschoolers and their families. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 451 children 3-5 years of age. A clinical exam was performed to evaluate the malocclusions according to criteria proposed by Foster and Hamilton. This examination was conducted by a calibrated dentist. Parents/caregivers answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) for the assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and the questionnaire on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression. The prevalence of malocclusion was 28.4%. The most frequent conditions were posterior crossbite (20.4%), anterior open bite (9.5%) and increased overjet (8.4%). A significant association was found between anterior open bite and OHRQoL (p< 0.001). The adjusted analysis confirmed the association between anterior open bite and a negative impact on quality of life (PR = 2.55; 95%CI: 1.87 to 3.47; p< 0.001). Anterior open bite was associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of preschoolers.